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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

（新春见闻）原汁原味“最东北”百年大集历久弥新******

　　中新社沈阳1月18日电 题：原汁原味“最东北”百年大集历久弥新

　　作者 李晛

　　在东北大集里转一圈，身上一定沾满了年味儿。

　　春节前夕，在中国许多地方都有赶大集、备年货的传统。东北大集作为中国古老的集市之一，因其独特的地域文化魅力历久弥新。

　　辽宁省沈阳市的蒲河大集有近三百年的历史，18日是蒲河大集春节前的最后一天开集，不少人抓紧前来置办年货，也显得大集格外热闹。东北冻梨、万物皆可冻的“糖葫芦”、会“爆炸”的爆米花、血肠、金丝蛹等年货应有尽有，吆喝声络绎不绝。

　　当天，在上海工作的“85后”沈阳人吴洋也回到家乡携家人赶蒲河大集。吴洋感慨道：“无论城市发展多么迅速，变化多么大，属于童年的原汁原味的记忆都可以在这里找到。”

　　有民俗专家指出，东北大集自古集发展而来历史悠久，之所以能延续至今，是因为它既具有经济职能，又有民俗文化意涵，且能随着社会发展不断变迁，以求更好地发展。

　　有近百年历史的沈阳市浑南区祝家大集正是如此。祝家大集因地制宜，将当地粮仓遗址改造成为文化创意区和粮仓文化打卡区。在这里，人们可以饱览80米巨幅乡村生活图，感受展现风土人情的“祝家长卷”，打卡簸箕画作、农作物雕塑置景等乡村特色。据祝家大集相关负责人介绍，祝家大集实现了从“有历史”的乡村大集向“有文化、有体验、有特色、有颜值”的乡村新大集的蝶变，进而转变为网红打卡地和旅游目的地。

　　其实在东北地区，不管是城市还是乡村，许多地方都有百年大集，它们各具特色，竞相发展。

　　同样具有百年历史的锦州凌海(翠岩)大集是辽西地区最大的红色文化大集。辽西五市的民众近日纷纷前来赶大集、品年味儿。锣鼓声、吆喝声此起彼伏，“满堂彩”大地灶炖起“六六八八席”，“中国红”小围炉煮沸“非遗全羊汤”......据锦州凌海(翠岩)大集工作人员介绍，此次大集共分年货集中销售、非遗项目展演、围炉美食品尝、网红电商直播等八个区域，精选上百个品牌、近千种商品参展。

　　从巴基斯坦来华学医的留学生大伟在大集上被浓浓的年味儿环绕。大伟表示，这是他第一次在中国过春节，他非常喜欢大集上春联、灯笼、福字等这些中国传统文化元素。

　　连日来，辽宁省大连市普兰店区安波大集也格外红火。自古以来，安波就是商贾云集之地，集市商贸十分繁荣。随着互联网时代的到来，安波大集已不是原始的民间集市。商户们纷纷举起手机，开启直播，不仅宣传了自己的产品，还把安波的名气传到了海内外。

　　集市，是农耕文化的延续传承。随着城乡一体化的推进，一些古老的事物逐渐消失在人们的视野里，但东北大集最凡俗、最生动的人间烟火气仍将经久不衰。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）